## Problem 023 — rank:54

**Title:** Trait-specific unexplained heritability

**Added binding assumptions (LaTeX):**

```latex
Both variance components must refer to the same target population, trait scale, covariate adjustment and additive projection before their difference is interpreted. The displayed conditional probability is Bayesian and requires an explicit likelihood and prior; a confidence-set formulation is a different alternative. Correlated genetic and environmental components cannot be uniquely partitioned without an attribution convention and additional identification assumptions.
```

**Direct edits:** 0. **Fresh external checks:** SC07