## Problem 252 — rank:107

**Title:** Time-dependent tumour microenvironment

**Added binding assumptions (LaTeX):**

```latex
Define $\Theta_{\rm id}$ from the sampling/intervention design and observable-law equivalence before examining the realized data. Structural identifiability alone does not imply a uniform finite-sample precision bound near degenerate parameter values. Use minimum information/separation conditions or state the unavoidable lower bound. A withheld treatment requires a shared structural intervention model, not a new freely fitted treatment coefficient.
```

**Direct edits:** 0. **Fresh external checks:** None; supplied sources retained as provenance.