## Problem 173 — rank:238

**Title:** Population-genetic consequences of assortative mating

**Added binding assumptions (LaTeX):**

```latex
State whether mating depends on the genetic value $Z$ or the observed phenotype $Z+E$; these generate different inheritance recursions. Specify mutation, segregation and environmental transmission fully. Uniform exponential convergence is a substantive hypothesis requiring parameter restrictions; it fails in classes allowing vanishing mutation or neutral invariant subspaces. The covariance identity is established algebra, while equilibrium structure and biological parameter calibration are the research targets.
```

**Direct edits:** 0. **Fresh external checks:** None; supplied sources retained as provenance.