## Problem 288 — rank:15

**Title:** Origin of the genetic code

**Added binding assumptions (LaTeX):**

```latex
The error kernel is row-stochastic over decoded codons, and the substitution cost explicitly includes termination and read-through outcomes or excludes them by a declared rule. Fix codon-use weighting and the null code ensemble before claiming unusual error minimization. Evidence supporting a realizable code-transition model is not a unique account of the actual origin; multiple historical mechanisms can share present-day cost and affinity statistics.
```

**Direct edits:** 0. **Fresh external checks:** None; supplied sources retained as provenance.