## Problem 244 — rank:103

**Title:** Nervous-system and cancer interactions

**Added binding assumptions (LaTeX):**

```latex
Put latent common drivers explicitly into the state/input equations and observation law; naming a nuisance family without specifying its entry points does not close the model. Partial derivatives hold the other state coordinates fixed and are causal couplings only under the structural interpretation. Report joint derivative bounds over both the observed domain and compatible nuisance parameters, including a nonzero margin for a claimed common sign.
```

**Direct edits:** 0. **Fresh external checks:** None; supplied sources retained as provenance.