## Problem 129 — rank:233

**Title:** Left–right asymmetry

**Added binding assumptions (LaTeX):**

```latex
Include zero-signal and absent, bilateral or heterogeneous laterality outcomes when the assay can produce them; a binary sign model must explicitly exclude or encode these cases. Specify whether flow is an externally measured input or a predicted state. Fix the time and spatial averaging in the signal statistic. Error probabilities and cue thresholds refer to the same developmental-stage and noise law, with uncertainty for rare abnormal outcomes.
```

**Direct edits:** 0. **Fresh external checks:** None; supplied sources retained as provenance.