## Problem 086 — rank:133

**Title:** Ion-channel gating

**Added binding assumptions (LaTeX):**

```latex
Include the conducting-state indicator $o_i$ in the current formula, unless closed-state conductances are explicitly set to zero. Define whether $I$ is single-channel mean current or multiply by the measured number of channels. Dwell distributions must include the finite-bandwidth observation filter. Minimal hidden-state models are compared modulo state permutation and observational equivalence.
```

**Direct edits:** 1. **Fresh external checks:** None; supplied sources retained as provenance.