## Problem 224 — rank:175

**Title:** Homeostatic versus pathogenic Th17 states

**Added binding assumptions (LaTeX):**

```latex
The superlevel set $B_c$ is a high-risk region; its topological boundary, not the whole set, is a decision surface. Under zero--one loss, a threshold other than $1/2$ is not generally Bayes-optimal, so specify asymmetric costs or retain it as a diagnostic convention. Absolute classification error is bounded below by irreducible overlap. The committor includes a no-hit outcome when neither fate region is reached within follow-up.
```

**Direct edits:** 1. **Fresh external checks:** None; supplied sources retained as provenance.