## Problem 165 — rank:158

**Title:** Genome-wide background selection

**Added binding assumptions (LaTeX):**

```latex
The benchmark $4N_e\mu$ is the equilibrium neutral diploid approximation under the specified mutation convention, not a generic nonequilibrium identity. The matched denominator $\pi_{0,\theta}(x)$ must be positive and bounded away from zero on the approximation envelope. Define whether genomic integration is a continuum approximation or a weighted sum over bases. Propagate error in both the approximation and the inferred mutation, annotation and demographic inputs.
```

**Direct edits:** 0. **Fresh external checks:** None; supplied sources retained as provenance.