## Problem 324 — rank:205

**Title:** Evolutionary diversity of sex-determination systems

**Added binding assumptions (LaTeX):**

```latex
Normalize offspring as rare modifier gene-copy or lineage contributions in the resident demographic state, rather than unweighted total population births. Supercriticality must occur in a communicating type class reachable from the introduced modifier; the spectral radius of an unrelated inaccessible block cannot establish its invasion. Include failure of sexual development or survival in the offspring law. Post-invasion replacement needs a nonlinear frequency-dependent model beyond the branching approximation.
```

**Direct edits:** 0. **Fresh external checks:** None; supplied sources retained as provenance.