## Problem 248 — rank:105

**Title:** Cancer cachexia

**Added binding assumptions (LaTeX):**

```latex
Close the tumour-burden dynamics or specify a jointly forecast stochastic law for $T$; treating future observed tumor burden as a known input would leak information into the requested joint forecast. Encode the duration in the sustained-decline criterion and include death and informative clinical sampling. Marginal calibration of each variable does not ensure a calibrated joint trajectory or onset law, so fix a joint scoring or coverage criterion.
```

**Direct edits:** 0. **Fresh external checks:** None; supplied sources retained as provenance.