## Problem 192 — rank:241

**Title:** Biodiversity–ecosystem-function relation

**Added binding assumptions (LaTeX):**

```latex
The richness contrast is between two complete randomized assembly laws, not an effect of richness independent of composition. Fix the reference species pool and environment-transfer class and include composition variance in uncertainty. The expectation and difference are definitions; the research task is predicting their values from independently measured traits and interactions with a genuine advantage over a richness-only or design-only baseline.
```

**Direct edits:** 0. **Fresh external checks:** None; supplied sources retained as provenance.