## Problem 253 — rank:12

**Title:** Ageing–cancer interaction

**Added binding assumptions (LaTeX):**

```latex
Define the host-state intervention versions, timing and common pretreatment population. Hazard contrasts involve treatment-specific survivors and are not automatically contrasts of individual transformation propensities at the same latent state. Holding clone descriptor $G$ fixed is a controlled-effect assumption whose feasibility and measurement resolution must be stated. Report competing mortality separately when translating the mechanism model into cumulative cancer risk.
```

**Direct edits:** 0. **Fresh external checks:** None; supplied sources retained as provenance.